History of AI Turing's Intelligent Machines McCarthy's LISP. General Problem Solver Expert Systems. Natural Language processing Neural Networks

The origins of AI can be seen in Turing's work in his 1950 paper on intelligent machines. Whilst working at Bletchley part, Turing formulated the first "paper models" of game playing programs. Some date the origins of AI to McCarthy's invention of the LISP programming language in the 1950s. This was the first language designed for solving symbolic problems rather than numerical ones. Newell and Simon's GPS, showed how general search knowledge could be used to solve a range of problems such as the missionaries and canibals problem. In the 1970s expert systems were developed which embodied as a set of rules the knowledge of an expert. The most famous of these was the MYCIN medical expert system. At the same time systems were developed to understand language, of which the most famous was Winograd's SHRDLU system. The 1980s saw the development of neural networks as a method of learning examples.