Categorisation

Decide whether each of these is mainly Theory X, Y, or Z
(Move your mouse pointer over each icon for a suggestion)

Approach	Theory	Suggestion
Scientific Management	___
Universalism	___
Bureaucracy	___
Human relations	___
Motivation	___
MBO	___
One minute manager	___
Empowerment	___

What makes work satisfying?

Staff turn-over is a problem when the economy and jobs market are strong

Retention has nothing to do with salary. It's to do with working in an organisation you feel part of, rather than the old-fashioned factory environment.
(Colin Osborne of consultants CMG, quoted in Massey, 1995)

Gregarious natures

...it is our relationships with others... that provide the real satisfaction which makes [work] worthwhile. When these aspects are fulfilling we can cope with all manner of problems and adversity
(Voss, 1995)

A word on bullying

A survey by the MSF white collar union found that (Kavanagh, 1996)

one in seven IT workers regard bullying as a significant problem (this is higher than the national average)
bullying is seen more as part of management style among IT workers than in other sectors
18% felt employers encouraged it as a management method

Personnel people and GPs are not trained to recognise the symptoms of bullying

Workplace Bullying Campaign Group have a help-line

A thought on thinking

Studies have long shown that

the left hemisphere of the brain handles logical, sequential, verbal thought
the right hemisphere handles emotional, intuitive, non-verbal thought

Management is really a "right hemisphere" activity

political maneuvering
keeping people happy
insight

This is why we can't explicitly state how to become a good manager

Thought for the week

The beatings will continue until morale improves

(Notice at a concentration camp)

And finally...

Question: What factors affect whether you adopt a Theory X, Y or Z style of management?

Question: In your opinion, which of the management approaches mentioned are most prevalent in Western society?

Bibliography

Blanchard K & Johnson S, 1982, "The one minute manager", Morrow (also published by Harper Collins)

Blanchard K & Lorber R, "Putting the one minute manager to work", Fontana, 1984

Clarke C & Pratt S, 1985, "Leadership's four-part progress", Management Today, March 1985

Doray B, 1988, "From Taylorism to Fordism", Free Assoc

Drucker P, 1954, "The Practice of Management", H&R

Drucker P, 1964, "Managing for Results", H&R

H Fayol, 1916, "Industrial and General Administration", translated by JA Coubrough, "Industrial and General Administration", International Management Institute, 1930

Howard A, 1995, "Why less means more in management terms", Computer Weekly, 12 October 1995

Kavanagh J, 1996, "Group launched to hit back at office bullies", Computer Weekly, 18 January 1996

Kotter JP, 1982, "The General Manager", Free Press

Lewis J, 1995, "Mothering superiors", Computing, 5 October 1995

Likert R, 1962, "New patterns of management", McGraw-Hill

Maslow AH, 1954, "Motivation and Personality", H&R

Massey J, 1995, "Invest in the best", Computing, 9 March 1995

Mayo E, 1953, "The Human Problems of an Industrial Civilization", MacMillan

McGregor D, 1960, "The Human Side of Enterprise", McGraw-Hill

Mintzberg H, 1973, "The Nature of Managerial Work", H&R

Mullins L J, 1996, "Management and organisational behaviour", Pitman

Ouchi WS, 1981, "Theory Z...", Addison-Wesley

Schein EH, 1965, "Organisational Psychology", Prentice-Hall

Tannenbaum R & Schmidt WH, 1973, "How to choose a leadership pattern", Harvard Business Review, May-June 1973

Taylor FW, 1903, "Shop Management", Harper & Bros

Taylor FW, 1911, "The Principles of Scientific Management", Harper & Bros

Voss A, 1995, "Making and avoiding contact", IText, Vol 1 Iss 1

Weber M, 1921, translated by Henderson, 1947 "The Theory of Social and Economic Organization", Oxford Uni Press